5, 6, 8, 9, 10 Subsequent studies that applied advanced imaging and analytical techniques to the regional gray-matter (GM) and white-matter (WM) volumes and cortical thickness have revealed focal alterations of the volume and cortical thickness mainly in frontotemporal and parietal regions. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Previous quantitative neuroimaging studies of brain subcortical structures have shown altered volumes of the thalamus or amygdala in patients with CAE. Recent studies using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have revealed that patients with CAE have focal structural abnormalities that are not detected using routine MRI. 3 Although CAE usually has a favorable prognosis, psychiatric problems such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as behavioral problems may occur and persist even in the absence of ongoing seizures. 1, 2 The onset of seizures occurs between the ages of 4 and 8 years, with spontaneous remission around adolescence, and this age-dependent onset and remission means that CAE is regarded as a developmental disorder. Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a common generalized epilepsy syndrome with a presumed genetic cause that is characterized by frequent daily absence seizures, with electroencephalography (EEG) showing bilateral, synchronous, symmetric spike-and-wave discharges at approximately 3 Hz.
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